Microcontroller

A microcontroller is a compact integrated circuit designed to govern a specific operation in an embedded system. A typical microcontroller includes a processor,memory and input/output(I/O) peripherals on a single chip.
                                  Sometimes referred to as an embedded controller or microcontroller unit(MCU), microcontrollers are found in vehicles, robots,office machines, medical devices and other home appliances.
       Microcontroller features:
                                        A  Microcontroller's processor will vary by application. Options range from simple 4-bit,8-bit or 16-bit processors to more complex 32-bit and 64-bit processors. In terms of memory microcontrollers can use random access memory(RAM),flash memory,EPROM or EEPROM.
          When they first became available,microcontrollers solely used assembly language.
MCUs feature input and output pins to implement peripheral functions.Such functions include
analog-to-digital converters,liquid crystal display(LCD) controllers,real-time clock

Internet of Things (IoT)

Internet of things directly refers to the use of intelligently connected devices and systems to average data gathered by embedded sensors and actuator in machine and other physical objects.

  THis is the link about interesting things that u must know about IOT dont miss this 

                                     .http://clk.press/0whiFK9G

         IoT expected to spread rapidly over coming  years and this convergence will unleash a a new dimensions services that include quality of life of consumers and productivity of enterprises

              IoT describes a system where items in physical world,sensors within or attached to this items, are connected to the internet via wireless and wired internet connections. These sensors can use various types of local area connections such as RFID,NFC, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth and Zigbee.
     Sensors can also have wide area connectivity such as GSM,GPRS,3G,LTE 
.Applications:
         Connect to both inanimate and living things:

                                       In early trails deployment t to IoT began with connecting industrial equipment. Today the vision of IoT has expanded to connect everything from industrial equipment to every day objects. For ex: Cow Tracking Project in Essex uses data collected from radio positioning  tags the monitor cows and to understand the behavior in the herd.
 
     Use sensors for data connection:

                                                      The physical objects that are connected will possess one or more sensors. Each sensors monitor a specific function such as location, motion, temperature, vibration etc.

  In IoT sensors will connect to each other and to systems that can understand or present information 

from the sensor's data feeds. Thes sensors will provide new information to the people or company.

  Smart Home Automation:

                            Here basically Using Application of IoT we can control the home appliances by connecting to the sensors, switches and programming in such a way that by hearing  the voice we can control the those appliances.

                         These are some of the applications of IoT and how it is connected. If you want any hiegher information then just click on link given below how this IOT are used in industries software etc   

Linux Operating System

Just like Windows XP, Windows 7, Windows 8, and Mac OS X, Linux is an operating system. An operating system is software that manages all of the hardware resources associated with your desktop or laptop. To put it simply – the operating system manages the communication between your software and your hardware. Without the operating system (often referred to as the “OS”), the software wouldn’t function.
The OS is comprised of a number of pieces: 

 The Bootloader:
                     The software that manages the boot process of your computer. For most users, this will simply be a splash screen that pops up and eventually goes away to boot into the operating system.

  The kernel:
                       This is the one piece of the whole that is actually called “Linux”. The kernel is the core of the system and manages the CPU, memory, and peripheral devices. The kernel is the “lowest” level of the OS.
 
Daemons:
                  These are background services (printing, sound, scheduling, etc) that either start up during boot, or after you log into the desktop.

The Shell:
               You’ve probably heard mention of the Linux command line. This is the shell – a command process that allows you to control the computer via commands typed into a text interface. This is what, at one time, scared people away from Linux the most (assuming they had to learn a seemingly archaic command line structure to make Linux work). This is no longer the case. With modern desktop Linux, there is no need to ever touch the command line.

 Graphical Server:
                               This is the sub-system that displays the graphics on your monitor. It is commonly referred to as the X server or just “X”.

 Desktop Environment:
                               This is the piece of the puzzle that the users actually interact with. There are many desktop environments to choose from (Unity, GNOME, Cinnamon, Enlightenment, KDE, XFCE, etc). Each desktop environment includes built-in applications (such as file managers, configuration tools, web browsers, games, etc).

Hardware support:

 The Linux kernel is a widely ported operating system kernel, available for devices ranging from mobile phones to supercomputers; it runs on a highly diverse range of computer architectures, including the hand-held ARM-based iPAQ and the IBM mainframes System z9 or System z10. Specialized distributions and kernel forks exist for less mainstream architectures; for example, the ELKS kernel fork can run on Intel 8086 or Intel 80286 16-bit microprocessors, while the µClinux kernel fork may run on systems without a memory management unit. The kernel also runs on architectures that were only ever intended to use a manufacturer-created operating system, such as Macintosh computers (with both PowerPC and Intel processors), PDAs, video game consoles, portable music players, and mobile phones.

Android 8.0 Oreo and its features that you need to definitely check out

Three years ago Google introduced us to its new design language called Material Design. It was flat,fun, graphical and colorful. It was the visual change that ushered in the beginning of a new age for Android and its applications, one that focused less on the rapid expansion of Android’s feature set, and more on refining what already existed and paving the way for the future.
 Android 8.0 represents the current pinnacle of that effort, the very tip of the spear, fresh from Google’s workshop. Android 8.0 Oreo is as comprehensive a version of Android as there has ever been, and it is as stable, feature-rich and functional as ever.

It is 2x Faster:
 Get started on your favourite tasks more quickly with 2x the boot speed when powering up*
*boot time, as measured on Google Pixel.

 Background Limits:
Android Oreo helps minimise background activity in the apps that you use least. It's the super power you can't even see.

AutoFill :
 With your permission, AutoFill remembers your logins to get you into your favourite apps at supersonic speed.

Android Instant Apps :
Teleport directly into new apps straight from your browser, no installation needed.

Notification Dots
Android apps that have new notifications will now have a dot appear on the app icon to notify you. This isn't entirely new, something similar has been available on a few devices from Samsung, Asus, and HTC, among others, which indicated the number of unread notifications in each app. With Notification Dots, there is no counter but you can long press on the icon to peek at the notification right away. With Android Oreo, we will this feature roll out on all phones for a uniform experience.

Installing unknown apps got simpler
Tired of allowing apps to install from unknown sources? Oreo allows you to whitelist unknown app installations from Chrome, Google Drive, and Gmail, without needing to enable unknown sources. So if you were to download an APK from your favourite site or from gmail, it can be installed without issues. To keep your device safe Google Play Protect is available in Oreo by default, and periodically scans the phone for malware apps. It will alert you about rogue apps from time to time to keep your Android device out of danger.
                                                 So these are the some of the exciting features of Android 8 Oreo that you must try it once